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Malignancies
(epithelial) = Carcinoma
(melanocytes) = Melanoma
(hematopoetic) = Lymphoma/leukemia
(mesenchymal) = Sarcoma
(Nervous system) = Glioma
(meninges) = Meningioma
(e.g. RB, GBM and NB) = Blastoma
(e.g. GCT) = Other
Necrosis
Coagulative Necrosis (e.g. post ischemia in solid organs)
Gangrenous Necrosis (widespread coagulative necrosis, usually on extremities)
Caseous Necrosis (Mycobacterial)
Liquefactive Necrosis (CNS)
Fat Necrosis (Breast and Pancreas)
Cellular/ Tissue changes
Apoptosis: (Condensed chromatin & cytoplasmic bleb)
(Apoptotic = P53, BAX & FAS) & (Anti- apoptotic = BCL-2 & NFkB)
Karyolysis (Fading of cell nuclei in dead cells)
Atrophy (Decrease in size)
Hypertrophy (Increase in cell size, e.g. Heart)
Hyperplasia (Inc. in number, e.g. Liver and Prostate)
Aplasia (lack of embryonic development)
Hypoplasia (poor or subnormal development)
Sound-a-likes
Granuloma: collection of histiocytes (Necrotizing and Non-Necrotizing)
Granulation tissue: repair process in response to tissue damage
(epithelial) = Carcinoma
(melanocytes) = Melanoma
(hematopoetic) = Lymphoma/leukemia
(mesenchymal) = Sarcoma
(Nervous system) = Glioma
(meninges) = Meningioma
(e.g. RB, GBM and NB) = Blastoma
(e.g. GCT) = Other
Necrosis
Coagulative Necrosis (e.g. post ischemia in solid organs)
Gangrenous Necrosis (widespread coagulative necrosis, usually on extremities)
Caseous Necrosis (Mycobacterial)
Liquefactive Necrosis (CNS)
Fat Necrosis (Breast and Pancreas)
Cellular/ Tissue changes
Apoptosis: (Condensed chromatin & cytoplasmic bleb)
(Apoptotic = P53, BAX & FAS) & (Anti- apoptotic = BCL-2 & NFkB)
Karyolysis (Fading of cell nuclei in dead cells)
Atrophy (Decrease in size)
Hypertrophy (Increase in cell size, e.g. Heart)
Hyperplasia (Inc. in number, e.g. Liver and Prostate)
Aplasia (lack of embryonic development)
Hypoplasia (poor or subnormal development)
Sound-a-likes
Granuloma: collection of histiocytes (Necrotizing and Non-Necrotizing)
Granulation tissue: repair process in response to tissue damage